Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
Paris France on October 12th, 2020 : Portrait of Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza, Pan-African trade unionist / spokesperson for the Yankanku organization (Dignity Courage Unit - UDC) / Independent researcher...
On December 18, 2019, refugees, undocumented migrants, associations, unions, support groups, marched for the International Day for Migrants in Paris. Le 18 dcembre 2019, les refugis, sans-papiers, as...
FGM is a barrier to education and social progress. Due to psychological trauma, loss of self-confidence, health problems and painful menstruation among FGM girls, this practice leads to a much higher...
The World Health Organization distinguishes between 4 types of female genital mutilation: Type 1 - Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris. Type 2 - Excision: partial or total remov...
Female genital mutilation is internationally considered a violation of the rights of girls and women. They reflect a deeply entrenched inequality between the sexes and constitute an extreme form of di...
Female genital mutilation is often motivated by beliefs about what is considered appropriate sexual behaviour. They aim to ensure prenuptial virginity and marital fidelity. Many communities believe th...
Ethiopian Penal Code, 2004, Article 565: Excision "Anyone who excises a woman, regardless of her age, shall be punished by imprisonment for a minimum period of three months or a fine of not less than...
The incidence of cesarean deliveries and postpartum hemorrhages is significantly higher for women who have undergone female genital mutilation, as well as the frequency of perineal tears and the use o...
The results of a study conducted by the World Health Organization on 28,000 women in different countries show that female genital mutilation has a negative impact on newborns: perinatal death rates am...
The identification and management of complications related to female genital mutilation is part of the training programmes for health workers to ensure safe motherhood, psychosocial support, preventio...
When the mutilation results in the closure or narrowing of the vaginal opening (infibulation, type 3), a reopening should be performed to allow the woman to have sex and give birth (disinfibulation)....
Although female genital mutilation has traditionally been considered by many men as a "women's issue", the role of men is important for change. In some places, they support the practice; however, rese...
Adequate medical care for women during childbirth reduces the risk of obstetric complications: an excised woman living far from a health post, in rural areas, is much more likely to have complications...
The vulva, lips and clitoris are very innervated parts of the body. Cutting off sensitive tissue from the genital organs causes extreme pain, especially since female genital mutilation is rarely perfo...
Women's preference to give birth at home is deeply embedded in Ethiopian culture. Many women only go to health facilities if they have complications during birth. In the Afar region, the period of chi...
Girls and women who have been infibulated are particularly vulnerable to urinary and menstrual problems: the almost complete closure of the vagina and urethra can prevent urine and menstruation from f...
The control of women's sexuality and the maintenance of male domination are among the justifications invoked by groups that practice FGM. By preventing sexual desire, FGM would prevent prenuptial sexu...
The removal of extremely sensitive genital tissues or damage to these tissues, particularly the clitoris, can affect sexual sensitivity and lead to problems such as decreased pleasure and pain during...
In Ethiopia, FGM is generally practiced by older women, whose knowledge has been transmitted by their mothers and who have a special status in their communities, or by traditional birth attendants. Th...
Parents subject their daughters to FGM to ensure their future in society and because they believe that this is what is expected of them. Consequently, programmes to end female genital mutilation lead...
The majority of girls undergo female genital mutilation before the age of 5. Pain, shock and the use of physical force by those who perform the intervention are cited as reasons why many women describ...
In the Afar region of Ethiopia, 98% of girls are excised and infibulated. It is a region left behind and on the margins of development, where negative factors (diseases, infant mortality, many deaths...
Many women describe female genital mutilation as a trauma, due to the extreme pain felt at the time of the act, the shock and the force used to prevent them from moving. Pain and/or bleeding may cause...
The first cause of death in childhood, and even before the reproductive period, is the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. In Afar countries, it takes the form of the most severe "pharaonic" FGM, w...
According to the Afar tradition, "an uncut woman is a woman who is waiting for the day of her excision or who has already died". Assayta, Afar region, Ethiopia. July 2, 2019. Selon la tradition Afar...
Some social scientists believe that FGM was practiced on women in Pharaonic society by the highest social classes. Through social imitation, the practice has gradually spread throughout society as low...
Some communities believe that FGM promotes women's fertility; that it ensures better hygiene, makes women more attractive or even removes parts they consider to be male or dangerous such as the glans...
Female genital mutilation is associated with cultural ideals of femininity and modesty, according to which young girls are "clean" and "beautiful" after the removal of parts of their anatomy considere...
Poor hygiene conditions (e. g. using the same instrument to excise several girls) can lead to infections. Subsequently, female genital mutilation can lead to multiple vulvar, urinary or gynaecological...
Although there is no religious text prescribing the practice, which preceded the emergence of the great monotheistic religions, some use their beliefs to justify FGM. The practice is found in Muslim,...
To support communities in their efforts to abandon FGM, programmes that include educational activities and promote empowerment, especially of women, have proven effective. Without feeling judged or co...
The use of the same unsterilized instrument for the excision of several girls is likely to increase the risk of HIV transmission. In addition, the increased risk of bleeding during sexual intercourse,...
The practice of FGM would allow some communities to perpetuate a tradition and protect a cultural identity. FGC, for example, is sometimes associated with rites of passage to adulthood. The practice o...
According to UNICEF, an estimated 200 million women and girls have been subjected to FGM worldwide. It is estimated that 3 million girls, the majority of whom are under 15 years of age, are at risk of...
Frankrijk, Parijs, 15/10/2018. Afrikaanse vrouw llopt voor bord die renovatie van treinstation aankondigt, Gare Saint Lazare in Parijs, gebouwd in 1837, architecten Eugene Flachat en Alfred Armand, fo...
Frankrijk, Parijs, 15/10/2018. Afrikaanse vrouw llopt voor bord die renovatie van treinstation aankondigt, Gare Saint Lazare in Parijs, gebouwd in 1837, architecten Eugene Flachat en Alfred Armand, fo...
Firends, family and supporters come to pay their respect to Bekele Gerba. He has just been released from the Qilinto prisons where he was being held. He was arrested in 2015 accused of instigating vio...
Bekele Gerba smiling in his house. He has just been released from the Qilinto prisons where he was being held. He was arrested in 2015 accused of instigating violent anti-government protests. He's top...
Bekele Gerba is smiling in his house surounded by some members of Zone 9 bloggers like Befekadu Haile (on the right of Bekele) Bekele has just been released from the Qilinto prisons where he was being...
Bekele Gerba smiling in his house. He has just been released from the Qilinto prisons where he was being held. He was arrested in 2015 accused of instigating violent anti-government protests. He's top...
Eskinder Nega has just been released after 7 years in prison. Eskinder is a journalist blogger and top Oromo activist. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17/02/18....
Eskinder Nega has just been released after 7 years in prison. Eskinder is a journalist blogger and top Oromo activist. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17/02/18....
Eskinder Nega has just been released after 7 years in prison. Eskinder is a journalist blogger and top Oromo activist. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17/02/18....
Eskinder Nega has just been released after 7 years in prison. Eskinder is a journalist blogger and top Oromo activist. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17/02/18....
During the day, the tribe take their cattle to search for food. Some cattle are getting too weak and die on the way. Near Dambi village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 20/03/2017. Pendant la j...
A father and his children are eating maize , the only meal of the day. Darito village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 20/03/2017. Un père et ses enfants mangent du maïs, le seul repas de la jo...
Cows don't produce enough milk for the veals or for the family. Many die before becoming a cow. Dambi village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 20/03/2017. Les vaches n'arrivent plus à produ...
A man try to stand up his cow who just fell too weak to walk. During the day, the tribe take their cattle to search for food. Some cattle are getting too weak and die on the way. Near Dambi village, B...
A Father and his son cut some leafs for their cattle after 3 hours of walking under a the burning sun. Near Dambi village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 20/03/2017. Un père et son fils co...
During the day, the tribe take their cattle to search for food. Some cattle are getting too weak and die on the way. Near Dambi village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 20/03/2017. Pendant la j...
Those 2 rain tellers have predicted rain in 3 days. One is reading through intestines and the other one with the stars. Unfortunately no rain fell 3 days later. Dokole village, Borana Zone, Oromia reg...
After 3 years of drought, the pastoral tribes are losing their livestock. The entire pastoral economy is collapsing by the death of hundred thousands cattle. The people can't provide food anymore for...
At dawn, two women from the Karayu tribe look after the herd of cattle. Dokole village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, March 16, 2017. À lâaube, deux femmes de la tr...
Godana is the oldest man of the village. He has never seen a drought like this in Borana zone. Dokole village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, March 15, 2017. Go...
A Borana tribe women is waiting for the water to boil. Borana, Ethiopia, March 15, 2017. Une femme de la tribu Borana attend que l'eau bouille. Borana, Et...
A young women leave to fetch water at 7 km from the village. Dokole village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 15/03/2017. Une jeune femme part chercher de l'eau à 7 km du village. Village Dokole...
Godana is the oldest man of the village. He has never seen a drought like this in Borana zone. Dokole village, Borana Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 15/03/2017. Godana est le plus ancien du village....
